UTP11L is a nucleolar protein and a key component of the U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (U3 snoRNP). It primarily participates in the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors, playing a critical role in the maturation of 18S rRNA and the assembly of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. As a core regulator of ribosome biogenesis, UTP11L maintains the stability of the rRNA processing complex by interacting with other members of the UTP protein complex. Studies have shown that dysregulation of UTP11L expression is closely associated with abnormal cell proliferation. Its upregulation has been observed in various tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, and may promote tumor progression by affecting ribosome production. Currently, UTP11L is considered a potential tumor biomarker, and the specific molecular mechanisms by which it functions in ribosome biogenesis remain an important focus in cell biology research.