TMEM106A (Transmembrane Protein 106A) is a lysosomal/late endosomal membrane protein and a member of the TMEM106 family. It contains a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic C-terminal region, and is involved in the maintenance of lysosomal morphology, vesicle trafficking, and the regulation of intracellular protein degradation. Dysfunction of TMEM106A may lead to lysosomal dysfunction and protein aggregation. Another member of this family, TMEM106B, is closely associated with the genetic risk of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting that TMEM106A may play a similar role in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, TMEM106A is involved in the regulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, influencing cellular stress responses and survival.