CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), also known as CCN2, is a core member of the CCN family of secreted proteins. It plays a physiological regulatory role in embryonic development and tissue repair by mediating cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation through receptors such as integrins. However, aberrantly high expression of CTGF is a key driver of pathological fibrosis in multiple organs (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and glomerulosclerosis), promoting the activation of myofibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, leading to organ scarring. Furthermore, it also plays significant roles in tumor progression, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications. As a result, CTGF has emerged as a central therapeutic target for anti-fibrotic treatments (such as the monoclonal antibody Pamrevlumab), with related drugs already in advanced clinical trial stages.