PDX1 Polyclonal antibody

Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 protein (PDX-1), also designated INS promoter factor (IPF1), INS upstream factor 1 (IUF1), somatostatin trans-activating factor-1 (STF-1) and glucose-sensitive factor (GSF), is a 282 amino acid homeodomain-containing transcription factor present in pancreatic beta-cells. PDX-1 is a key regulator of pancreatic islet development and INS gene transcription in beta-cells. PDX-1 is expressed in all cells at the early stages of development and is mainly restricted to the pancreas and duodenum in adult. HNF-3b, HNF-1a and SP1 positively regulate the PDX-1 enhancer element. PDX-1 is also regulated by glucagon-like peptide through activation of adenylyl cyclase, which results in an increase in intracellular cAMP activity. The increased levels of cAMP, and the resulting activation of PKA, lead to an increase in PDX-1 transcription and translocation of the protein to the nuclei of beta-cells. PDX-1 binds to the sequence C(C/T) and can heterodimerize with PBX. PDX-1 is phosphorylated by the SAPK2 pathway under high glucose concentrations. Mutations in the PDX-1 gene can cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young and pancreatic agenesis.