IL-1F6, also known as IL-36α (IL36A), is a pro-inflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family that is primarily expressed in skin and lymphoid tissues, with lower levels detected in fetal brain, trachea, stomach, and intestine. It is uniquely produced by monocytes, B cells, and T cells among the novel IL-1 family ligands, and its expression is markedly elevated in psoriatic plaques. Functionally, IL-36α signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising IL-1Rrp2 (IL-36R) and IL-1RAcP, thereby activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to induce the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, and antimicrobial peptides including BD-2 and BD-3. As a key regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity, IL-36α plays a critical role in epithelial barrier defense and tissue inflammation, and its dysregulation has been implicated in inflammatory skin diseases, kidney disorders, and fibrotic conditions.