IL-10 Recombinant monoclonal antibody

The human IL10 gene is 4.7 kb in size and is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. It contains five exons. Biologically functional IL-10 exists in the form of a 36 kDa homodimer composed of two non-covalently bonded mono-mers each with 160 amino acids length. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, produced by T helper (Th) cells, macrophages, monocytes, and B cells, that plays a crucial role in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. It downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. IL-10 can block NF-κB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. IL-10, along with its receptors, describes an important role in pathogenesis of various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases. IL-10 mutations are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.