EMC10 (Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Complex Subunit 10) is one of the key components of the highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC). The core function of this complex is to act as an insertase and chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, assisting in the correct folding, assembly, and membrane integration of membrane proteins, and preventing the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Studies have shown that EMC10 plays a dual role in cells: within the cell, it ensures the biogenesis of important membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); moreover, it can be secreted outside the cell (referred to as sEMC10), where it acts as a novel signaling molecule to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, regulating energy metabolism and body weight in the body, and is closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases.