The C19orf12 protein is a mitochondrial membrane protein encoded by the C19orf12 gene, containing a glycine zipper domain and localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane or the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). This protein is closely associated with mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegenerative disorders (MPAN), and mutations in its gene lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and neurodegeneration. Research indicates that C19orf12 participates in regulating mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress responses, mitochondrial autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. While its precise biological functions remain incompletely elucidated, its critical role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular survival is widely recognized.